Slide 1: Questions - Use across the curriculum • Question • Clarify • Support • Evaluate • Reflect General Template 1Slide 2: General Template 2 Ways of Knowing Ways of Knowing: double edged ‘knowledge tools’ pro con • Perception - evidence illusions • Language - communication propaganda • Reason - logic rationalis prej • Emotion - ‘blink’ intuition prejudiceSlide 3: General Template 3 - Reason • 1. HASTY GENERALIZATION • 2. CIRCULAR REASONING • 3. POST HOC ERGO PROPTER HOC • 4. NON-SEQUITUR: • 5 TRANSFERS • 6. STRAW ARGUMENT • 7. EVASION: • 8. AD HOMINEM: • 9. FALSE DICHOTOMY: • 10. APPEAL TO IGNORANCE • 11. AD POPULUM • 12. ARGUMENT FROM TRADITION • 13. SLIPPERY SLOPE • 14. LANGUAGE FALLACIES (jargon-euphemism-emotive)Slide 4: General Template 4 Bias • Significance Bias – conspiracy theories: significant people must have significant deaths princess di) roswell, jfk, 9/11 • Confirmation Bias - horoscope activity: the blind test..tippex out the headings for the 12 star signs • Image Bias – the camera never lies! photoshop image, Picasso and ‘realistic’ representation • Convention Bias essentialist/natural knowledge actually revealed as convention (12 hours, map orientation, north and south, photo images or portraits - Picasso) • Facts versus FactoidsSlide 5: General Template 5 - Overall 1. Logical consistency 2. Observational reliability 3. Awareness of Value Judgements and Bias 4. Authority & Citation 5. Awareness of source, intention and audience 6. Awareness of ‘selection, prioritization and editing’Slide 6: So, what should we believe? TOK is more concerned with how you believe something and that whatever you believe, you should try to support your beliefs with evidence and be able to consider and respond to criticisms of your views